Full-stack IoT development is a comprehensive approach to creating end-to-end Internet of Things (IoT) solutions that encompass both hardware and software components. It involves the complete development cycle, from designing and prototyping IoT devices to building the software infrastructure necessary for data collection, processing, and management.

The process begins with the design and development of IoT devices, which includes selecting appropriate sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and communication modules. Hardware engineers create prototypes to ensure these devices effectively collect and transmit data.

Firmware development is a crucial step, as it involves writing and testing the embedded software that runs on IoT devices. This firmware manages device functionality, sensor data, and communication with other devices or the cloud.